What happened to my body when I quit smoking.

I wrote this several years ago, but I never really shared it with anyone. I feel like today, right now of all nows, it is exceptionally germain as I complete my first decade nicotine free. In the last 3,653 days I have not smoked 54,795 cigarettes, for a total cost savings (in 2011 dollars, at 2011 prices) of $13,013.

Maybe you’re considering quitting. Maybe you have recently quit and are going through a tough time. If my words can help you to cross this bridge, then maybe I can tell myself that I at least did one thing worthwhile.

I had my first cigarette at age 12. Over the course of my adolescence I smoked sporadically, socially, then habitually. The day I turned 18, I bought my first legal pack from the 7-11 at midnight. Later that day, I got my driver’s license updated at the DMV kiosk at the mall, and bought my first carton while my ID was still warm from the laminator. For the next fourteen years, nicotine owned me.

Quitting smoking was the hardest thing I have ever done. I went to boot camp, went to war twice, got an engineering degree, put multiple things into space, and won the heart and the hand of my true love. None of those things compare to the difficulty of walking away from nicotine. I had tried to quit multiple times. 

Nicotine is like a psycho ex-girlfriend. Getting away from her was hard – unbelievably hard. If I ever go back to her, she will make the next escape even harder. She will not let me go willingly, and may even take flesh from me. To this day, she sometimes drives by my work, she comes to my shows, and she hangs out with a lot of my friends, so I see her in social situations. I’ve found it’s best to ignore her

At 22:30 on March 19, 2011, I lit my last cigarette. My current attempt has now achieved ten years of success. I call it a current attempt because you never really quit. It remains a choice to stay clear of tobacco. The choice gets easier as time goes on, but it is always a choice.

The first time I tried to quit, it was for my girlfriend at the time. I had cut down on smoking and was spacing my cigarettes farther and farther apart. Needless to say, when things didn’t work out between us, my smokes were more than ready to catch me in my emotional time of need.

I tried to quit for navy boot camp. Despite not using any cessation aides other than regular gum, This was the easiest attempt. During boot camp, my mind was in a conditioned state and there was no access, opportunity, nor temptation to smoke for two solid months. I was free of the physical addiction, but I was not ready in my own mind to quit. Naturally, once I was clear of constant custody, I was desperate for a cig, and faltered with aplomb. 

Over the course of the next dozen years I tried to quit several times. With each attempt, my resolve grew stronger, and the attempts lasted longer. Two months, six months, a year! But each time, something drew me back. I was not quitting for myself.

The current attempt began when I didn’t have a steady form of income, and I couldn’t conscience EJ paying $4.75+ per pack to keep me smoking while unemployed. I had a bit of an advantage at the time as I had little in the way of outside stress (other than job hunting), Beyond the budgetary reasoning, I was ready to quit for myself. Self-motivation got me far on the previous attempt, but I lapsed and had a cigarette. This time, I was prepared to treat it as an addiction. I surrendered control to the substance, and acknowledged that I could never touch it again. No Nicotine Ever (NO N. E.) 

No cessation aide will quit for you. If you are determined to smoke, you will continue to do so. Only quitting is quitting. Cutting down isn’t quitting. Smoking lights isn’t quitting. Vaping isn’t quitting. The patch isn’t quitting. Nicotine Gum isn’t quitting. Only quitting is quitting. The only thing that has worked for me so far is the concept of NO Nicotine Ever (NONE). 

NONE became my mantra. I also found a few other things that might have helped. 

I kept a journal that I wrote in when I was feeling cravings. There are only a few entries in there:

This, my latest attempt, is only 51 hours in. EJ and I have already fought harshly and it doesn’t look to get any easier in the next few days. I constantly feel as though my soul is on fire from the craving. I also have a phantom limb itch to go outside (because that is where I smoke). I recognize that I won’t find what I want when I go outside, but sometimes it’s good to just step out for real fresh air. All day I’ve been out of sorts in methodology and motive. It’s like the commercial where the guy has no idea how to get dressed and operate his morning just after quitting smoking. My good timing is just off, and I might actually kill for a cigarette right now.
93 hours - I am angry at everything. EJ has faltered and been smoking at work. I just spent a day and overnight at my chimney of a brother’s* place. I did not falter, although I am a little concerned with the amount of second- and third-hand smoke that I was exposed to while there. I am finding it extremely difficult to focus on any substantial task. I have been stagnant for weeks, so it isn’t just the lack of nicotine and lowered dopamine levels. I have lost my shine, sparkle, what have you… I think that a minor victory would give me enough momentum to start moving at high speed.

*retrospective note: my brother has himself recently quit smoking. I’m so fuking proud of you Seth.

93 ½ hours - Nicotine is a poison of the body, true enough, but it is a thousandfold a poison of the mind.
97 ½ hours - Still difficult to focus. My mind plotted a path to cigarettes and how I would get them :( NO! A cigarette won’t give me what I want from it.

The four-day barrier is probably among the worst days in a smoker’s life. The ten that follow are pretty hellish, but the body is starting to heal day by day. 

I made a tracker in a spreadsheet to keep tabs on how long my current attempt has been going. I also added a feature that kept track of how many cigarettes I hadn’t smoked based on my pace just before quitting, and how much money I hadn’t spent based on that pace and the cost of a pack at that time. The latter number became rewarding fairly quickly. Nowadays, there’s probably any number of apps for your handheld that do the same thing.

Quitting is a skill that needs to be exercised like any other. You won’t necessarily succeed if this is your first or even third attempt. Quitting takes practice. Sometimes you will relapse. Forgive yourself and get back on the path. 

I cheated. A few months into my attempt, I asked a friend for a drag of her cigarette. She said okay and I had nicotine. Fortunately, my tastebuds had healed by then and I tasted every bit of that drag. She offered me my own cigarette, but I got everything I needed to know out of that one drag. I was done. We don’t always come to that same conclusion, do we? What is important is when you falter, to not dwell on it. The key is to get back on the path, and try not to falter again. Don’t let yourself feel guilty and relapse back into it. Just get back to quitting. It is always so simple, but never so easy. Reset the counter to zero.

The last aide to my attempt was an understanding of the physiology behind smoking and quitting. Particularly, the effects of carbon monoxide (CO), the timetable of healing, and a bit of cognitive defense.

When I was studying aviation physiology, I learnt that CO when introduced to hemoglobin, will bond to that cell permanently. This bond inhibits the cell’s ability to carry oxygen to your other cells. When that cell dies, some of that CO will find its way to another cell, but much of it gets filtered by the kidneys and pissed away. Recovering from CO poisoning takes the body several days as a result. 

There are several infographics that explain what happens to your body the further it gets away from nicotine and tobacco exposure. This is what I have experienced personally:

  • 1 hour – Normal gap
  • 2 hours – Cranky, I’ll probably get over it.
  • 2 hours-4 days – Steep rise in stress levels. I didn’t get over it.
  • 4 day mark – I want to kill everyone and incinerate the ground where they stood. This is the peak of the craving irritability.
  • 4-7 days – Irritability gives way to a drop in dopamine levels. The body is really starting to heal now, but it’s gonna hurt.
  • 7-14 days – As the body starts to get used to operating on lowered dopamine levels both mind and body suffer from a case of The Stupids. I had to re-learn everything. Motor skills, mental skills. Everything was difficult; nothing was right. I tried and failed to tie my shoes and cried for half an hour. A cigarette could fix all this, but all that suffering would have been in vain.
  • 14 days – The physical addiction is broken. This is the hard part. Congratulations. Do not celebrate with a cigarette.

If breaking the physical addiction is the hard part, the harder part is breaking the mental habit. Regular gum helps. Holding things helps. Clicking pens will irritate your partner. Fidget spinners won’t get you shot in some of the classier neighborhoods. There are many ways to kowtow to the oral and manual fixations that won’t literally fucking kill you.

Beyond the fortnight is also where your mind starts to turn on you. Any time you attempt to break a bad habit, the reward center of your brain will try to fight you. This is also where diets fail and exercise regimens die on the table. This phenomenon is known as the extinction burst, wherein your mind will try to trick you into picking up the old habit. With nicotine for me, this mainly manifested itself as a dream where I would smoke a cigarette, feel guilty about it, think I’ve ruined my run, and resign myself back to smoking. It was important to remind myself that this was just a quitmare (quit/nightmare), and that didn’t truly count against me. It was also important to forgive myself and get back on the path. I still kinda had to start over, and that sucks, but the physiological effects weren’t there so recovery went much more quickly. Early on, the dreams would wreck my entire morning, but I started getting better at getting over them. The frequency and intensity of these self-attacks fade, but still sometimes happen.

This is the long tail. The cravings never completely go away, but they get fewer and weaker as you starve them. I liken the addiction to a shrinking monster. At the beginning it may seem bigger than you. But over time, it gets smaller until it becomes nearly microscopic. At that point it becomes easy to contain. After a while, it won’t matter as much how long you’ve been at it, but you must always be on guard. Defeating those late cravings won’t require a lot of will, bit it will require some. Eventually you may lose track of how long it has been. 

When you come back around to thinking about it, open up the Quitometer, check out how long you’ve been at it and see how much money you saved. You’ll probably be glad you did.

Good luck.

The Tale of the Free-ish 3D Printer

A friend of a friend of mine was giving away a free 3D printer. When the opportunity arose, I couldn’t turn it down.

When I first received the printer, I didn’t know anything about the Anet A8’s notorious reputation. I was just excited for a new toy and a proper name for me to Google. And Google it I did, much to my horror. Colloquially referred to as “The Fire Starter” by the internet 3D printing community on account of its propensity to fail hot along several modes (firmware, underrated connectors, highly flammable frame, etc), this thing was gonna be a mess, even if it had come to me in pristine printing condition – it hadn’t.

This is what it looked like when I brought it home.
Printer as received, on dimensional lumber frame

The printer was integrated into a 4×8’ elevated platform assembly. Dimensional lumber (mostly 2×4) was used for the construction of the static frame. The Y-axis was mounted on drawer slides, and the Z-X plane used extended rods to canvass the larger work area.

In order to extend the electronic components to match the extended mechanical workspace, the previous owner used wire nuts(!) to splice extensions on the remotely located steppers and sensors.

At least four yikes
The devil is in the details

I knew this was not going to work in its current configuration, and I could not fit the large format platform into my lab. Fortunately, the load of materials I received included almost all of the stock hardware.

I didn't get any pictures of the printe more broken down than this. sorry <_<
Broken down into subassemblies

I dismantled the printer down to the component level. I kept the lumber for use in other projects, and decided to attempt to build the printer up to stock specifications. The included SD card had the entire technical manual, which included the construction instructions and a parts list. I matched up everything I had with the list, and found that a few parts were damaged or missing. The printer is designed using COTS components on a custom acrylic frame. For the COTS components, less than $35 on that river-named site replaced everything. Since I don’t have access to a laser cutter, I 3D printed the missing/damaged frame pieces from the design files included in the manual.

After receiving the necessary replacements (and about an 8-month hiatus) I rebuilt the printer. In addition to all the hardware upgrades I applied, one of the most important upgrades I could make on this machine is to update the firmware. The stock firmware ships with thermal runaway detection disabled. Therefore, if a heating element and it’s respective sensor become mechanically decoupled, The firmware has no way of checking and may continue to apply heat indefinitely, presenting the extreme risk of fire. I used the current-to-present-me version of Marlin (2.0.5.3), which ships with this critical check enabled (which will present another issue later).

Upon attempting to zero it the first time, I found that every stepper was uniquely wired. The Y-axis was the only motor to behave the way I expected, so I broke apart the harnesses on the other motors and rewired them to match Y’s order. Once the printer started behaving the way I expected, I was ready to start trying to print – or so I thought. I wanted to start at stock, but adding a few upgrades now will make printing safer and troubleshooting easier.

The electrical system is powered by an AC wall outlet wired directly into the terminals of the power supply. This means that in order to turn the printer off, the plug must be removed from the socket, which is less than ideal. Many Anet users recommend using a fused switch for safety and ease. I picked up a switch along with a pair of MOSFETS which I will discuss below from that same conglomerate site for about $20. Turning on the machine is now a satisfying click, and the power supply is fused at 5A on input, so a short circuit or other rapid power draw should cut power. A shell which houses the plug switch and covers the terminals was available from a certain universe of thingies, meaning I didn’t have to try to draw one myself.

The Z-axis endstop was not easily adjusted, and that is something that requires frequent tuning. Additionally, the bed leveling screws were a tad annoying to adjust as well. As these are well known problems, they are well solved. All I needed was to print a few more files off the intarwebz, and these major headaches became manageable. Now I’m ready to print.

The first print attempt was poorly zeroed and didn’t stick to the bed. I aborted it before the first perimeter was swept. The second and third attempts saw the hotend lose a temperature battle against the part cooling fan and that oh, so critical firmware protection kicked in and locked out the printer about five minutes into the print. I realized that the heater block fan, which runs continuously, and the part cooling fan, which runs on a signal from the controller, were switched. The part cooling fan was running constantly and defeating the hotend. I put the fans on their proper connections, and the test print lasted well into the third layer (about ten minutes) before losing the hotend vs part cooling fan battle again. 

I had upgraded the duct for the part cooling fan, but the PID that controls the hotend doesn’t know that. I just changed the g-code to set the fan to 70% down from 100%. That seemed to do it, as the fifth attempt successfully yielded a benchy. It wasn’t perfect, as there are still some overhang heating issues, but it did pretty well. I’d give it a solid B+. Moving forward, I could stand to actually adjust the fan PID to account for the ring duct.

Adding the MOSFETs to control the heated bed and hotend is an important upgrade, but it was not required to get the machine printing. However, once it was printing, it was the next thing to add. When installed, the hotend controller acted as expected, but I was finding that the heated bed controller was not heating the bed, but the transistor itself was getting hot. The bed was struggling to rise above 40ºc, but the transistor measured above 100ºc. Thinking the MOSFET was bad, I switched MOSFET boards between the bed the hotend, but the hotend board heated normally, and the bed board heated itself instead. Something else was wrong here. After digging around, I found that I had not thoroughly inspected the stock power supply, which was set to 220V AC. The power supply had been working to this point on 120V AC, outputting 12V DC. It wasn’t until I attempted to heat the bed with the MOSFET that there was a problem. I slid the switch to 110, and all was right in the universe.

After this point I was able to use the printer to print its own upgrades such as track chains. The Y-axis chain should alleviate the strain from the movement of the bed (another potential cause of fire is from wire fatigue at the bed connector), while the X-axis chain keeps the extruder wires clear of the workpiece and the moving parts of the printer. The X-axis chain also includes the Z-endstop adjuster I had printed separately.

There are a host of other upgrades I could add, and I intend on building Firestarter its own enclosure and Octopi server as I did with Starfighter. Maybe I’ll add a fire detection/suppression robot so I can feel at ease about running it without being present. Maybe that wouldn’t be a bad idea to do with Starfighter as well. However, now that the track chains are completed, the last of the recommended safety upgrades are complete. I’m okay calling this build done for now. 

In spite of its reputation, it’s not a bad printer for the price. Even with all the upgrades, if I had purchased this printer, the pricepoint would still be considerably lower than similarly sized printers. It’s no TAZ, but I think I can use this robot for smaller prints. I just don’t plan on turning my back on it for too long.

Now let's go print something!
All Done!

Thanks for reading, and Happy Printing!

3D Printing Face Shields for Northern Colorado Healthcare Workers

The world has changed; everything is different now. We’ve been on a stay at home order for about a month now. As we adjusted into isolation, I found myself with a need to stay productive to stave off anxiety for things outside of my control. My printer hadn’t been doing much lately and I read that people were 3D printing equipment to help those on the front line. I understand that not everything that can be 3D printed is suitable for use in a medical environment, so I looked for a project that used 3D printing in an appropriately vetted way. 

Me and my robot, Starfighter
Running an early print

Prusa Research developed a 3D printable visor that, when combined with some clear sheet plastic (PETG), makes a rapidly producible face shield. I learned about this shield from NoCoFaceShieldProject.org, a group of makers in Northern Colorado coordinating 3D printer operators with healthcare facilities needing the shields. To support their endeavor, Improvised Dynamics contributed over 100 face shield visors to the Noco group who have made a combined total of more than 2,100 visors for Northern Colorado healthcare facilities. 

As the Noco group makes the remainder of their stock and fulfills the remainder of their obligations, we are funneling our efforts into the larger Make4covid.co organization. As I familiarize myself with the new SOPs, I continue to pledge my 3D printing capacity toward the fight to protect our defenders.

I really liked that green
Some of the most recent batch to go out

I would like to thank my dear Aunt Jolene for donating a spool of filament to the cause. If you would like to donate materials or effort, please contact make4covid.co and find out how you can help. Everything is appreciated. 

Thank you very much for reading and thank you for your support

-Evan

Improvised Dynamics

The Printer Had A Blowout Last Week…

My TAZ5 is currently my only 3D printer, and as such, is a major tool in the lab. I was in the middle of a build for a client, when the last print decided not to release from the PEI bed film. I had been having problems with bubbles over the past several months. In spite of trying very carefully to pry the piece off, the film failed in the center and lifted a fist-sized section free of the glass. I could have continued to print small items around the periphery of the bed, but I need that center real estate for the lager prints associated with the current job.

A friend suggested printing on bare glass, but I have experience in that particular approach. I had chipped beds multiple times, and witnessed several others do the same with that approach. So I decided that I wanted the protection of the plastic sheet.

I have a video covering the replacement of the bed here.

Now that I have the bed repaired, I am free to resume prints, but I am currently having electrical work done at Hangar -1, so I am reluctant to start another print until that work has concluded.